Circular economy principles can translate into concrete economic opportunities for farmers by creating new sources of income, improving resource efficiency, and strengthening farm resilience. Across Italy, a growing number of agricultural enterprises are experimenting with innovative business models that combine environmental sustainability with income diversification, supported also by targeted interventions under the Regional Complement for Rural Development (CSR)
One of the most promising approaches is the valorisation of agricultural by-products and residues. Farms are increasingly transforming what was once considered waste into new sources of revenue: olive pomace is reused for energy production or as soil amendment, winery residues are processed into bioproducts, and livestock manure is integrated into biogas systems. These practices not only reduce environmental impacts but also enhance resource efficiency and economic resilience at farm level.
Several of these initiatives are supported by CSR interventions financed through the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). In particular, investments aimed at improving farm competitiveness and sustainability (such as SRD01 – Investments in agricultural holdings) enable farmers to adopt technologies for waste reduction, resource efficiency, and on-farm processing. At the same time, cooperation measures (SRG01 – Support for operational groups and cooperation) foster collaboration between farmers, researchers, and local actors to develop circular solutions adapted to regional contexts.
Another key trend is the integration of production, processing, and direct marketing within the same farm or local network. Short supply chains, on-farm processing, and direct sales allow farmers to capture a higher share of added value while reducing transport and packaging needs. In this area, CSR interventions supporting short supply chains and local markets contribute to strengthening regional circular economies and reconnecting producers with consumers.
Digital tools are also playing an increasing role in enabling circular business models. From traceability systems to decision support tools, farmers can optimise input use, reduce waste, and improve transparency along the value chain. These innovations are often supported through knowledge transfer and advisory measures, which are essential to ensure the effective adoption of circular practices.
These experiences demonstrate that circular economy is not only an environmental strategy but also a viable economic pathway. By combining innovative business models with public support instruments such as the CSR, Italian farms are showing how circular approaches can enhance both sustainability and competitiveness—key objectives also promoted by the ReVaCy project.